{"id":20252,"date":"2025-10-09T16:02:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T14:02:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/?page_id=20252"},"modified":"2026-07-24T11:09:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T09:09:42","slug":"cba-and-socioeconomics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/en\/cba-and-socioeconomics\/","title":{"rendered":"CBA AND SOCIOECONOMICS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"20252\" class=\"elementor elementor-20252\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3cba23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e3cba23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-368cc0d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"368cc0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad4f69f e-con-full animated-slow e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ad4f69f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfb2a84 elementor-heading__align-center animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cfb2a84\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:400}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">CBA AND SOCIOECONOMICS<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e05a81a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e05a81a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e38a1e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e38a1e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e68d79d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e68d79d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-388c5dd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"388c5dd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6681545 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"6681545\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;start&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"107484485\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844851\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844851\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1074844851\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tCost-Benefit analysis\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844852\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844852\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1074844852\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tKey concepts and results\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844853\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844853\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1074844853\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tBenefits: time savings and reduced emissions\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1074844851\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844851\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-3f8f8a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f8f8a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03fa613 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03fa613\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9ce89f elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"a9ce89f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;lazyload&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;dots&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Carosello d&#039;immagini\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 di 2\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a9ce89f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"cba_guide-FOTO-1\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTkzNzQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zdHJldHRvZGltZXNzaW5hLml0XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA4XC9jYmFfZ3VpZGUtRk9UTy0xLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6ImE5Y2U4OWYifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cba_guide-FOTO-1.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img class=\"swiper-slide-image swiper-lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cba_guide-FOTO-1.jpg\" alt=\"cba_guide-FOTO-1\" \/><div class=\"swiper-lazy-preloader\"><\/div><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 di 2\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a9ce89f\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"cinea-guidance-on-economic-appraisal_cef-t_en\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTkzNzUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zdHJldHRvZGltZXNzaW5hLml0XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzA4XC9jaW5lYS1ndWlkYW5jZS1vbi1lY29ub21pYy1hcHByYWlzYWxfY2VmLXRfZW4uanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYTljZTg5ZiJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cinea-guidance-on-economic-appraisal_cef-t_en.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img class=\"swiper-slide-image swiper-lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/cinea-guidance-on-economic-appraisal_cef-t_en.jpg\" alt=\"cinea-guidance-on-economic-appraisal_cef-t_en\" \/><div class=\"swiper-lazy-preloader\"><\/div><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-453d59c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"453d59c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fcd839 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9fcd839\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cost-Benefit analysis<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a68d39 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3a68d39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a method used to understand if the benefits of a public project will outweigh the costs for the community. It compares all the positive and negative effects with respect to a baseline scenario (the situation without the project). It not only takes into account the project construction costs, but also assesses all the other effects, both positive (such as time savings, reduced pollution or improved safety) and negative (such as the impact on the environment or disruption during construction). The process results in monetary values showing whether or not, overall, the project will create value for the community.<\/p><p>The CBA for the Strait of Messina Bridge was updated in 2024 following European and Italian guidelines and took into account the direct and indirect costs and benefits of the project. The following guidelines were applied:<\/p><ul><li><strong>Operational guidelines for assessing investments in public works \u2013 railway sector\u00a0<\/strong>(26 October 2021)<\/li><li><strong>Operational guidelines for assessing investments in public works \u2013 highways sector\u00a0<\/strong>(7 July 2022)<\/li><\/ul><p>The analysis also complies with the criteria set out in the document\u00a0<strong>\u201cEU Grants: CINEA* Guide on economic\u00a0appraisal for CEF-T Transport Projects\u201d<\/strong>, which must be met to qualify for grants under the Connecting Europe Facility.<\/p><p><em>* CINEA: the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1074844852\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844852\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8b8673 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8b8673\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0e7893 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a0e7893\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecf754b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ecf754b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"705\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026.jpg?v=1782323447\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-30223\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026.jpg?v=1782323447 705w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026-176x300.jpg?v=1782323447 176w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026-602x1024.jpg?v=1782323447 602w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026-7x12.jpg?v=1782323447 7w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026-400x681.jpg?v=1782323447 400w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026-470x800.jpg?v=1782323447 470w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/TIRE-E-VANE-1-EN-2026-381x649.jpg?v=1782323447 381w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6f9181 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b6f9181\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ae4c49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ae4c49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key concepts and results<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5484b4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5484b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the CBA, the \u201cBenefits\u201d represent all the advantages that the project will deliver for the community over time, such as time savings, reduced pollution and improved accessibility. The \u201cCosts\u201d represent all the resources used to build, operate and maintain the infrastructure. They are not just based on public spending, but include any negative impacts on the environment, on the local area and on the social fabric. All the effects taken into account are then converted into monetary values to enable objective comparison. A synthetic indicator that is key to the CBA is the <strong>Economic Net Present Value (E-NPV)<\/strong>, which measures the net present value of the benefits generated by the project after deducting the costs. A positive E-NPV indicates that the investment creates added value for society.<\/p><p>Another important metric is the <strong>Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR)<\/strong>, which shows the average annual return on the investment for the community. The higher the EIRR, the greater the economic benefits of the project compared with the baseline scenario. The results show that construction of the Strait of Messina Bridge will make a major contribution to improving community wellbeing. There will be significant benefits for Italy as a whole, with improvements of both an economic and environmental nature.<\/p><p>Based on an investment cost of \u20ac13.5 billion, the analysis has resulted in:<\/p><ul><li>an\u00a0<strong>E-NPV\u00a0<\/strong>of<strong>\u00a0\u20ac3.9 billion\u00a0<\/strong>(amounts discounted to 2023 and calculated applying a social discount rate of 3%)<\/li><li>an\u00a0<strong>EIRR\u00a0<\/strong>of<strong>\u00a04.51%<\/strong>.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>The Economic Internal Rate of Return is the rate that, by taking into account the time distribution of the \u201cBenefits\u201d and \u201cCosts\u201d of a project, measures the average annual return. The higher the EIRR, the greater the return on investment and thus the benefits for the community.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1074844853\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1074844853\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e77c0ae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e77c0ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aaa367a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aaa367a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3343d41 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3343d41\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"1021\" src=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-602x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-31504\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-602x1024.jpg 602w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-176x300.jpg 176w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-7x12.jpg 7w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-400x681.jpg 400w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-470x800.jpg 470w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b-381x649.jpg 381w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/benefici-EN-2026b.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bdd304 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1bdd304\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deb0b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"deb0b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Benefits: time savings and reduced emissions<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd1ed9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5cd1ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main socioeconomic benefit expected regards <strong>time savings<\/strong>\u00a0that will cut the time needed to travel between Sicily and the mainland.<\/p><p>The Bridge will guarantee average crossing times of approximately:<\/p><ul><li>15 minutes for rail services between Villa San Giovanni and Messina Centrale, compared with the current 120 minutes for passenger trains and at least 180 minutes for freight trains; and<\/li><li>10\/13 minutes for road traffic (between the Santa Trada and Giostra junctions), compared with the current 70 minutes for cars (San Francesco Terminal) and 100 minutes for heavy goods vehicles (Tremestieri Terminal).<\/li><\/ul><p>The opening of the Bridge will see a major modal shift to rail, with medium- to long-range maritime transport transferring to rail and passenger transport to high-capacity rail.\u00a0<strong>This modal shift will cut CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions by approximately 200,000 tonnes a year.<\/strong><\/p><p>Overall, it is estimated that, \u2019in the period from the start-up of work to the end of the thirty-year concession, this modal shift to rail will <strong>cut CO<sub>2 <\/sub>emissions by approximately 12.8 million tonnes<\/strong>, after taking into account the approximately 2 million tonnes of CO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0generated during the construction phase. In conducting the economic assessment, the estimate of the benefits linked to lower CO\u2082 emissions was prudently calibrated to take into account expected improvements in terms of the energy efficiency of vehicles and fuel, including those in the maritime sector.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02b26c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"02b26c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9434279 e-con-full animated-slow e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9434279\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a476d4e elementor-heading__align-center animated-slow elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a476d4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_animation_delay&quot;:400}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Additional SOCIOECONOMIC STUDIES<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38c9269 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"38c9269\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f90c1c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f90c1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b1f656 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9b1f656\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da7d06f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"da7d06f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7928dba e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7928dba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;tabs_justify_horizontal&quot;:&quot;start&quot;,&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"127045050\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\" data-no-translation-aria-label=\"\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1270450501\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1270450501\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1270450501\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tThe cost of Sicily\u2019s insularity\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1270450502\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1270450502\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1270450502\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tAnalysis of the socioeconomic impact of construction\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1270450501\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1270450501\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-205609e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"205609e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93dffc9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93dffc9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c1d688 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7c1d688\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The cost of Sicily\u2019s insularity<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8eb3a6 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8eb3a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2020, a study, \u201cAn estimate of the costs of Sicily\u2019s insularity\u201d, was carried out by Sicily Regional Authority\u2019s Public Investment Evaluation Unit (NVVIP) and the Office of Statistics and Economic Research within Sicily Regional Authority\u2019s Department of Economic Affairs, with the support of the Prometeia research institute. The main results showed that insularity, represented by the island\u2019s separation from mainland Italy, leads to further specific issues of an economic, transport-related, environmental, social and demographic nature. This means that the island is at an objective disadvantage compared with mainland regions, as confirmed by the large volume of literature on the subject. An econometric study has quantified\u00a0<b>the cost of Sicily\u2019s insularity at approximately \u20ac6.54 billion, equal to 7.4% of the region\u2019s GDP<\/b>\u00a0(at present values in 2018). Construction of the Bridge will help significantly in reducing this cost.<\/p><p>The competitive disadvantage caused by being an island was recently dealt with (in June 2026) in a document published by the European Commission on the EU\u2019s strategy for islands (<u><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/sources\/policy\/themes\/islands\/EU_strategy_for_islands.pdf\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/regional_policy\/sources\/policy\/themes\/islands\/EU_strategy_for_islands.pdf<\/a><\/u>).<br \/>This highlights how, in Sicily\u2019s case, insularity can reduce GDP by around 7%.<br \/>Construction of the bridge will make a major contribution to reducing, or eradicating, this gap.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1270450502\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1270450502\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-873031d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"873031d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab3cf33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ab3cf33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341d44b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"341d44b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"impatto-cantiere_en\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjAyNzUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9zdHJldHRvZGltZXNzaW5hLml0XC93ZWJcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzEwXC9pbXBhdHRvLWNhbnRpZXJlX2VuLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"592\" src=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-20275\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en.jpg 800w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-300x296.jpg 300w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-768x757.jpg 768w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-400x395.jpg 400w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-600x592.jpg 600w, https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/impatto-cantiere_en-658x649.jpg 658w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d2136a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d2136a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deb2324 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"deb2324\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Analysis of the socioeconomic impact of construction<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e29086 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e29086\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In 2024, Open Economics conducted a study of the socioeconomic impact of construction of the Strait of Messina Bridge, in collaboration with Unioncamere Sicilia, Uniontrasporti and Palermo and Enna Chamber of Commerce and with the support of Sicily Regional Authority. The key results showed that, <strong>in providing a stimulus for the Italian economy, the<\/strong> <strong>investment of \u20ac13.5 billion would boost GDP by a total of over \u20ac23 billion, with the expenditure having a multiplier effect of 1.71<\/strong>.\u00a0The data on which the study was based \u2013 provided by Uniontrasporti, Stretto di Messina SpA, Istat and the Bank of Italy \u2013 were fed into a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), in keeping with international valuation practices. In this initial stage, the study assessed the effects during construction, evaluating the impact of expenditure on construction of the infrastructure in terms of direct effects and spillovers for the Italian economy as a whole.<\/p><p>\u20ac23.1 billion of GDP will be generated: \u20ac5.9 billion (equal to 26% of the total) generated directly due to expenditure on goods and services in the sectors involved in the construction process; \u20ac3.8 billion (equal to 16% of the total) generated indirectly as the result of the value chains created; and \u20ac13.4 billion (equal to 58% of the total) in induced spending as income from labour and capital is reinjected into the wider economy and tax revenue is reinvested, primarily in the form of public spending.<\/p><p>In terms of the impact on taxation, the Bridge\u2019s construction will generate \u20ac10.3 billion in tax revenue, including direct taxation of \u20ac6.9 billion and indirect taxation of \u20ac3.4 billion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CBA AND SOCIOECONOMICS Cost-Benefit analysis Key concepts and results Benefits: time savings and reduced emissions Cost-Benefit analysis Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a method used to understand if the benefits of a public project will outweigh the costs for the community. It compares all the positive and negative effects with respect to a baseline scenario (the &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/strettodimessina.it\/web\/en\/cba-and-socioeconomics\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read More <span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;CBA AND SOCIOECONOMICS&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-elementor.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20252","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Access the official Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) results for the Messina Strait Bridge. 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